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Librairie Le Feu Follet•31 rue Henri Barbusse, 75005 Paris•+33 1 56 08 08 85•Monday - Friday, 11am to 7pm
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  1. Autograph Letters & Manuscripts
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"la liberté est tranquille parce qu'elle est invincible, et invincible parce qu'elle est contagieuse"

  • Victor HUGO
  • (to Eugène PELLETAN)

Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain

s. n.|Hauteville House [Guernesey] 1868|14 x 34.7 cm|Une feuille

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⬨ 89004

Printed proof with autograph inscription and autograph correction "Victor Hugo à l'Espagne" instead of "Victor Hugo et l'Espagne" of an article by Hugo written in Guernsey dated in the print "Hauteville House, 22 October 1868". Published in La Liberté (26 October 1868), with a dedication to Emile de Girardin ("à mon cher et grand ami") which does not yet appear in this preparatory broadside. Folds inherent to the elongated format of the sheet, a small tear on one letter without loss.

 

Proof enhanced with an autograph correction to the title and an exceptional autograph inscription signed to literary critic and later political polemicist Eugène Pelletan:  "A Eugène Pelletan Victor Hugo".  The writer addresses this appeal to republican Spain following the September Revolution, which had ended the despotic reign of Isabella of Aragon. Hugo nurtured immense hope that a Spanish republic could be decisive not only for the prosperity of the Spanish people but also for European peace and democracy.

Pelletan had himself signed a scathing article the previous month on the departure of the Queen of Spain in his newspaper La Tribune. The present broadside provides unprecedented proof that Victor Hugo reacted in the wake of Pelletan and read his republican appeal, which he reiterates here through his lyrical verve, characteristic of his political writings. Both men endured a violent barrage of criticism after the publication of their articles.

 

*

This superb and resounding broadside marks Hugo's return to politics after the death of his wife: "But duty does not let go. It has imperious urgencies. Mme Victor Hugo, as we have just seen, had died in August. In October, the collapse of the monarchy in Spain gave Victor Hugo his voice back. Summoned by such decisive events, he had to, whatever his grief, break the silence" we read in the introduction to the text of the article, republished in 1875 in Actes et Paroles pendant l'exil. His attachment and affection for Spain came from his childhood spent with his father, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, general in Napoleon's armies and governor of Ávila, Segovia, Soria and Guadalajara under the reign of Joseph Bonaparte. It is moreover Eugène Pelletan's son who emphasized Hugo's strong ties with this country: "The influence of the Spanish journey on Victor Hugo has often been noted, both on the form and substance of all his work. For form, the terrible clarity of light, the bizarre picturesqueness, the mixture of the sublime and the fantastic; for substance, the grandiose vision of the imperial epic, and its sudden vicissitudes of fortune." (Camille Pelletan, Victor Hugo Homme Politique).

 

"VICTOR HUGO ET [autograph correction "à"] L'ESPAGNE

Un peuple a été pendant mille ans, du sixième au seizième siècle, le premier peuple de l'Europe, égal à la Grèce par l'épopée, à l'Italie par l'art, à la France par la philosophie ; ce peuple a eu Léonidas sous le nom de Pélage, et Achille sous le nom de Cid ; ce peuple a commencé par Viriate et a fini par Riego ; il a eu Lépante, comme les grecs ont eu Salamine ; sans lui Corneille n'aurait pas créé la tragédie et Christophe Colomb n'aurait pas découvert l'Amérique [...]  Naissant, ce peuple a tenu en échec Charlemagne, et, mourant, Napoléon. Ce peuple a eu des maladies et subi des vermines, mais, en somme, n'a pas été plus déshonoré par les moines que les lions par les poux. Il n'a manqué à ce peuple que deux choses, savoir se passer du pape, et savoir se passer du roi. Par la navigation, par l'aventure, par l'industrie, par le commerce, par l'invention appliquée au globe, par la création des itinéraires inconnus, par l'initiative, par la colonisation universelle, il a été une Angleterre, avec l'isolement de moins et le soleil de plus. Il a eu des capitaines, des docteurs, des poètes, des prophètes, des héros, des sages. [...]

Aujourd'hui, de cette cendre cette nation renaît. Ce qui est faux du phénix est vrai du peuple.

Ce peuple renaît. Renaîtra-t-il petit ? Renaîtra-t-il grand ? Telle est la question.

Reprendre son rang, l'Espagne le peut. Redevenir l'égale de la France et de l'Angleterre. Offre immense de la providence. L'occasion est unique. L'Espagne la laissera-t-elle échapper ?

Une monarchie de plus sur le continent, à quoi bon ? L'Espagne sujette d'un roi sujet des puissances, quel amoindrissement ! D'ailleurs établir à cette heure une monarchie, c'est prendre de la peine pour peu de temps. Le décor va changer.

Une république en Espagne, ce serait le holà en Europe ; et le holà dit aux rois, c'est la paix ; ce serait la France et la Prusse neutralisées, la guerre entre les monarchies militaires impossible par le seul fait de la révolution présente, la muselière mise à Sadowa comme à Austerlitz, la perspective des tueries remplacée par la perspective du travail et de la fécondité, Chassepot destitué au profit de Jacquart ; ce serait l'équilibre du continent brusquement fait aux dépens des fictions par ce poids dans la balance, la vérité ; ce serait cette vieille puissance, l'Espagne, régénérée par cette jeune force, le peuple ; ce serait, au point de vue de la marine et du commerce, la vie rendue à ce double littoral qui a régné sur la Méditerranée avant Venise et sur l'Océan avant l'Angleterre ; ce serait l'industrie fourmillant là où croupit la misère ; ce serait Cadix égale à Southampton, Barcelone égale à Liverpool, Madrid égale à Paris. Ce serait le Portugal, à un moment donné, faisant retour à l'Espagne, par la seule attraction de la lumière et de la prospérité ; la liberté est l'aimant des annexions. Une république en Espagne, ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même, souveraineté indiscutable, souveraineté qui ne se met pas aux voix ; ce serait la production sans tarif, la consommation sans douane, la circulation sans ligature, l'atelier sans prolétariat, la richesse sans parasitisme, la conscience sans préjugés, la parole sans bâillon, la loi sans mensonge, la force sans armée, la fraternité sans Caïn ; ce serait le travail pour tous, l'instruction pour tous, la justice pour tous, l'échafaud pour personne ; ce serait l'idéal devenu palpable, et, de même qu'il y a l'hirondelle-guide, il y aurait la nation-exemple. De péril point. L'Espagne citoyenne, c'est l'Espagne forte ; l'Espagne démocratie, c'est l'Espagne citadelle. La république en Espagne, ce serait la probité administrant, la vérité gouvernant, la liberté régnant ; ce serait la souveraine réalité inexpugnable ; la liberté est tranquille parce qu'elle est invincible, et invincible parce qu'elle est contagieuse. Qui l'attaque la gagne. L'armée envoyée contre elle ricoche sur le despote. C'est pourquoi on la laisse en paix. La république en Espagne, ce serait, à l'horizon, l'irradiation du vrai, promesse pour tous, menace pour le mal seulement ; ce serait ce géant, le droit, debout en Europe, derrière cette barricade, les Pyrénées.

Si l'Espagne renaît monarchie, elle est petite.

Si elle renaît république, elle est grande.

Qu'elle choisisse."

 

This republican cry from the heart - as well as Pelletan's - caused much ink to flow, both in Spain and France. Eugène Pelletan was accused of having written "an additional flood of insults against the dethroned queen and against the exiled woman" (Louis Veuillot). A newspaper director from Cadiz even wrote a long pamphlet analyzing point by point the historical references in this article by Hugo (Manuel Sala, L'Espagne et la République. Réponse à V. Hugo, 1868). His anticlerical and anti-monarchist opinions on this Spanish revolution had scandalized more than one person, notably Veuillot, who after crucifying Pelletan, attacks Hugo, "a great poet full of thunder and lightning and true thunderbolts just as the peacock is a very beautiful bird covered with emeralds, sapphires and rubies. But such rich gifts inflate pride and pride drives to ridicule" (Mélanges religieux, historiques, politiques et littéraires, vol. III).  Given these criticisms, we must also quote Camille Pelletan, who reminds us that "Victor Hugo's genius was a genius of combat: thus his glory has always advanced amid an unleashing of furious passions. It was therefore in his destiny to be as violently insulted in his political role as in his literary work". 

It is interesting to note that this appeal by Hugo had a posterity in Spain. More than a century after its publication, it would be taken up again after the fall of the Franco regime, and republished by opponents of the monarchy in a bilingual pamphlet : "The September 1868 revolution had triumphed and Isabella II had been deposed from her crown. [...] From his exile in Guernsey, Victor Hugo published this appeal to the Spanish people, in which, after magnificently recalling the glories of this people's past, he invited them to take advantage of this occasion offered by Providence to proclaim the Republic. The death of the 'Caudillo' having ended the Franco era, Spain finds itself once again facing the search for its destiny. The option cannot be renounced: the continuist monarchy of Don Juan Carlos or the resumption of republican legality interrupted by the disastrous civil war. At this moment, Victor Hugo's prophetic voice finds new relevance. Listen and reflect" (preface to the republication of the article in this undated pamphlet, preserved in the municipal archives of Betanzos).

 

Extremely rare proof of an important political writing by the exile of Guernsey, who called for the Republic both in France and Spain.  This text appears, through this exceptional inscription, as a response to Pelletan, great activist for the Spanish republic, who would soon count among the founding fathers of the Third French Republic.

Bibliographical description of this copy

  • author:
    HUGO Victor
  • inscription's recipient:
    PELLETAN Eugène
  • Publisher:
    s. n.
  • Place of publication:
    Hauteville House [Guernesey]
  • Year:
    1868
  • Dimensions:
    14 x 34.7 cm
More about this topic
  • "Victor Hugo à l'Espagne" published in La Liberté, 22 October 1868
  • Reprint in French and Spanish, 1975
Réf : 89004|Sold
Victor HUGO • Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain • "ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même" • Autograph • 1868
Victor HUGO • Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain • "ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même" • Autograph • 1868
Victor HUGO • Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain • "ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même" • Autograph • 1868
Victor HUGO • Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain • "ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même" • Autograph • 1868
Victor HUGO • Inscribed and corrected proof copy of an open letter to the people of Spain • "ce serait la constatation pure et simple de la souveraineté de l'homme sur lui-même" • Autograph • 1868
Sold
⬨ 89004

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