
Important dossier of documents relating to a dispute between the bakers of Le Mans and the city’s mayor and aldermen, comprising the following items:
This unique collection documents, at the level of a provincial town, one of the most sensitive mechanisms of the Ancien Régime economy: the official fixing of bread prices by means of an “essai”, an adversarial procedure in which sample quantities of wheat were milled, baked and weighed in the presence of the parties and municipal authorities, so that the proper price of each category of bread could be calculated item by item, taking into account flour, bran, firewood, salt, candles and the baker’s labour.
The dispute in Le Mans concerned the validity of a trial conducted in 1750. The bakers, who considered its findings to have been distorted to their detriment, sought its annulment and the holding of a fresh trial reflecting their actual costs, while the municipality defended the tariff established by the initial operation.
The dispute arose precisely between two peaks in grain prices, dated by price historians to 1748-1749 and 1751-1752 respectively, in a context in which any increase in the price of bread directly threatened the city’s social equilibrium. The statistical tables appended to the final document, detailing down to the sol and denier the cost price of pain mollet, pain michard, the local bread eaten by the bourgeoisie, and brown bread, constitute an unusually rich primary source for the local economic history of Maine in the mid-eighteenth century.
The 1750 Avis was issued by Alexandre-Paul-Louis-François Samson de Lorchère, lieutenant-general of the seneschal’s court of Maine and perpetual mayor of Le Mans from 1725 to 1764, who in 1761 was to found the Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de la Sarthe: a central figure in the city’s eighteenth-century administration.
A valuable, complete and coherent collection, rarely preserved in private hands, concerning an emblematic dispute over the regulation of bread under Louis XV, documented from the initial ruling through to the statistical tables of the adversarial trial, and signed by a leading figure in the eighteenth-century administration of Le Mans.