15 août 1940 | 18.6 x 24.6 cm & 16 x 20 cm | loose leaves under custom slipcase
First edition of the first and only issue to appear of the Bulletin Officiel de la France Libre which, as well as reproducing the Affiche à tous les Français, presented for the first time the original text of the Appeal of the 18th June, the agreement of the 7th August 1940 between General de Gaulle and Winston Churchill and the legal bases of the «Free French» government thus brought into being. Remarkably rare, this first official organ of Free France was without doubt distributed in a very small number of copies, essentially aimed at the members of this nascent government, seeking legitimacy.
The two documents are arranged in a full bleu de France morocco box, author and title engraved in gilt on the first board, magnetic fastener, interior lined with brown lamb, made-to-measure rhodoïds protecting and presenting the leaves, remarkable box signed by Thomas Boichot.
Highly symbolic, this bulletin brings together the three foundational elements of the new French State: the General's declaration, the recognition of other countries, and the presentation of an organized government.
Published only on the 15th August, the bulletin was composed from the times of the signature of the British agreement on, which was the decisive element allowing the French Resistance to assert itself.
«With this agreement, General de Gaulle was officially recognized as 'leader of the Free French' by his British allies. It was now a case of giving the Free French the form of a government in exile. This is the task to which René Cassin has set himself; an eminent lawyer who rallied to the General's cause a few days after the Call of the 18th June. This enormous task cannot be achieved quickly. Nonetheless, Free France has to define and communicate the rules of its functioning. This is why this Bulletin Officiel des Forces Françaises Libres appeared on the 15th August, taking the form of an official publication of the French Republic without actually using any of its symbols.» (in Résistance 09/10, published by the Musée National de la Résistance). It was later in the Journal Officiel de la France Libre that every month from January 1941 the laws and decrees organizing Free France were published.
However, the key part of this bulletin refers to a past event as yet unpublicized. As the article in Résistance 09/10 highlights, «this first issue carried on its first page, under the heading 'General de Gaulle recognized by the British Government' the first Appeal by the General and the text of the poster that was posted on the walls of England.» Despite the fact that the bulletin appeared almost two months after the Appeal of 18th June, the text of the first and most important of de Gaulle's speeches is here published for the first time in its original version, as the General wrote it. The radio version was, in fact, modified at the request of the British Government in order to keep options open if the Pétain government refused to sign the armistice.
In his memoirs, de Gaulle noted this initial precaution: «nonetheless, while taking my first steps along the path of this unprecedented career, I had the duty of making sure that no power with more claim than mine was ready to put France and the Empire back into the fight. Before the armistice was in effect, one could still imagine, despite all evidence to the contrary, that the Bordeaux government would in the end choose war. Even if it was the slimmest change, we had to entertain it.»
Thus on the 18th June 1940, four days before Pétain signed the armistice, the General's speech opens on this false note of union:
«The French government has asked the enemy under what honorable conditions a ceasefire would be possible. It has declared that if these conditions were contrary to the honor, dignity and independence of France, the fight must go on.»
It was this version that was printed in the very few French papers that took note of this historic event, Le Petit Provençal and Le Petit Marseillais of the 19th June 1940. The British press (he Times and he Daily Express) published the English translation of the speech written by the General and distributed by the Ministry of Information (MOI) rather than the radio version.
«From London, General de Gaulle broadcasts in the evening an appeal to the French people not to cease resistance. He says: 'The generals who for many years have commanded the French armies have formed a Government. That Government, alleging that our armies have been defeated, has opened negotiations with the enemy to put an end to the fighting'.»
It was thus in the Bulletin Officiel des Forces Françaises Libres that the original text of General de Gaulle's first major speech was finally printed on the 15th August 1940 and which – though it was not the spoken version – was to become the historic text of the «Appel du 18 juin».
(The parts of the radio speech that were cut from publication in Le Petit Provençal are in bold):
«'The generals who for many years have commanded the French armies have formed a Government. That Government, alleging that our armies have been defeated, has opened negotiations with the enemy to put an end to the fighting'.
Certainly, we have been, we continue to be, swamped by the mechanized force, both on land and in the air, of the enemy.
So much more than their numbers, it is the tanks, the airplanes and the tactics of the Germans that have made us retreat. It is the tanks, the airplanes and the tactics of the Germans that have taken our leaders by surprise, o the point of leading them to where they are today.
But has the final word been spoken? Should hope be abandoned? Is this defeat definitive? No!
Believe me, I speak to you with full knowledge of the facts and tell you that nothing is lost for France. The same means that overcame us can bring us to a day of victory.
For France is not alone! She is not alone! She has a vast Empire behind her. She can align with he British Empire that holds the sea and continues the fight. She can, like England, use without limit the immense industry of United States.
his war is not limited to the unfortunate territory of our country. This war is not finished by the battle of France. This war is a world wide war. All the faults, all the delays, all the suffering, do not prevent there being, in the world, all the necessary means to one day crush our enemies. Vanquished today by mechanical force, we will be able to overcome in the future by a superior mechanical force. The destiny of the world lies here.
I, General de Gaulle, currently in London, invite the officers and French soldiers who are located in British territory or who would come there with their weapons or without their weapons, I invite the engineers and the special workers of armament industries who are located in British territory or who would come there, to put themselves in contact with me.
Whatever happens, the flame of the French resistance must not be extinguished and will not be extinguished.
omorrow, like today, I will speak on the radio in London.
London, 18 June 1940».
This copy, in an exceptional state of conservation, is addressed in a manuscript pencil note on the verso of the final leaf to one of the very first soldiers to have joined de Gaulle in London in July 1940, the airman Julien Le Tessier, (Resistance ID number: GR16P368409), an early member of the Free French Air Force, who was to become a training Lieutenant, training pilots during the war; he was later given the Légion d'Honneur.
Also included is the very rare invitation card to the first anniversary celebrations
for the Appeal of the 18th June organized by the «Français de Grande-Bretagne» at the Royal Albert Hall, on the 18 June 1941.
Much more than a commemoration, this «anniversary» in the very thick of the war, was a major political act and a celebration of the General who, in the space of a year, had managed to unite around him the French Resistance forces and impose the sovereignty of the Free French.
We have found only five copies of this bulletin, all in institutions in France and abroad: Musée de l'ordre de la Libération, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Tel Aviv University, Israel, Harvard University, Stanford University, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.